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- improved communication – podniesiony/ poprawiony poziom komunikacji
In 70% of the airline accidents, someone in the cockpit knew there was a problem, yet was unable to find a way to communicate it. With time, study and implementation of consistent training and examinations improved communication had a strongly positive effect on the level of safety and, along with similar changes in the ground crew and aircraft maintenance sectors, made the airline industry so safe.
- conduct research into human factor – prowadzić badania nad czynnikiem ludzkim
- the strongest cross-cultural differences – najostrzejsze różnice międzykulturowe
- flexibility with regard to … – elastyczność w odniesieniu do …
- … in reference to hierarchy, rules, relationships – … w odniesieniu do hierarchii, zasad, związków
Today the majority of research into human factor in aviation is conducted by institutions in North America and Western Europe. As a result, much of this research is centred around the U.S. and European operations and operators. The strongest cross-cultural differences were found in the areas of command and flexibility with regard to rules and routines. Pilots from “Anglo” countries (the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and Britain including the pilots who were born in the latter and then worked in Hong Kong) held very similar views, while among the non-Anglo countries, the more hierarchical command styles were observed in reference to hierarchy (Brazil), rules (Taiwan), and relationships (Philippines).
- complex – skomplikowany
- relevant – istotny
- unable/ unwilling to express opinion – niezdolny do …/ niechętnie wyrażający opinię
- information related to crucial aspects of flight – informacja odnosząca się do najistotniejszych aspektów lotu
For example, Boeing and Airbus design modern, complex airplanes to be flown by two equals. That works beautifully incommunities like the U.S. where hierarchies aren’t as relevant. But in cultures that have high power distance, it’s very difficult. For instance, a co‐pilot is often unable or unwilling to express his opinion, in other words he cannot assertively communicate information related to crucial aspects of flight to build safe environment.
WATCH HERE the link between the teamwork in aviation and car racing 🙂
- affect the cockpit and the cabin crew – mieć wpływ na załogę w kokpicie i załogę pokładową
- sufficiently standardized – odpowiednio wystandaryzowane
- in an appropriate place and time – w odpowiednim miejscu i czasie
Management (CRM) and Multi-Crew Cooperation specialists are focusing on avoiding such cultural and sociological elements affecting the cockpit and cabin crews: even though the behaviour inside the cockpit is already sufficiently standardized, it can still create stressful and unpleasant situations. These may result in unsafe flights unless pilots learn to stop focusing on their cultural habits in an inappropriate place and time.
